dzięęęki

wiem , że późno ale wrzucam pojęcia najważniejsze, może się komuś przydadzą :
acronym: A word made up of the initial letter or letters of a phrase and pronounced as a word

affix: A bound morpheme that consists of one or more segments that typically appear before, after, or within, a base morpheme

backformation: A morphological process in which a word is formed by subtracting a piece, usually an affix, from a word which is or appears to be complex. In English, for example, the verb peddle was created by back formation from peddler (originally spelled peddlar).

blend: A type of word formation in which parts of words that are not themselves morphemes are combined to form a new word. For example, the word smog is a blend of smoke and fog.

bound base: A morpheme which is not an affix but which nevertheless cannot stand on its own. In English, bound bases are items like endo, derm, and ology, from which neo-classical compounds like endoderm and dermatology are formed

clipping: A word formed by subtraction of part of a larger word. For example, in English math is a clipping from mathematics and ad is a clipping from advertisement.

coinage: A word that is made up from whole cloth rather than by affixation, compounding, conversion, blending, reduplication, or other processes.

complex word: A word made up of more than one morpheme

compound: A word made up of two or more separate lexemes.

conversion: A type of word formation in which the category of a base is changed with no corresponding change in its form. For example, in English the verb to chair is formed by conversion from the noun chair. Also called functional shift.

derivation: Lexeme formation processes that either change syntactic category or add substantial meaning or both.

endocentric: Having a head. In endocentric compounds the compound as a whole is the same category and semantic type as its head.

exocentric: Lacking a head. In exocentric compounds the compound as a whole is not of the category or semantic type of either of its elements.

free base: A base that can occur as an independent word

infix: An affix which is inserted into a base morpheme, rather than occurring at the beginning or the end

lexeme: Families of words that differ only in their grammatical endings or grammatical forms. For example, the words walk, walking, walked, and walks all belong to the same lexeme.

mental lexicon: The sum total of all the information a native speaker of a language has about the words, morphemes, and morphological rules of her/his language.

morpheme: The smallest meaningful part of a word.

negative affix: An affix that means ‘not-X’.

personal affix: Derivational affixes that produce either agent nouns (writer, accountant) or patient nouns referring to humans (employee).

prepositional/ Affixes: that convey notions of space and time. For example, over-, pre-.

privative affixes: Affixes that denote ‘without X’ (for example -less in English) or ‘remove X’ (for example de- in English).

quantitative affixes: Affixes that express something relating to amount (for example, multi- or -ful in English).

root: The part of a word that is left after all affixes have been removed. Roots may be free bases, as is frequently the case in English, or bound morphemes, as is the case in Latin.

simplex: Consisting of one morpheme

stem: The part of a word that is left when all inflectional endings are removed.

token: In counting words in a text or corpus, each instance of a word counts as a token of that word. This gives the raw number of words that occur with a particular affix.

type: In counting words in a text or corpus, only the first instance of each word is counted. This gives the number of types with a particular affix.

word: A linguistic unit made up of one or more morphemes that can stand alone in a language

word forms: Differently inflected forms that belong to the same lexeme. For example, walks, walking, walk, and walked are all word forms that belong to the same lexeme